According to epidemiological studies every third person in the world felt pain of waist at least once in the life. And the most frequent cause of its occurrence is the osteochondrosis of the spine. It is being manifested as a result of clamping of the nerve roots, which begin in the spinal cord at a given level.

Lumbar pain can be of different nature. It could be aching, occurring after prolonged sitting or a night’s sleep, or sharp shooting. The latter may “catch” you in the most uncomfortable position and make it impossible to straighten. But they all are connected with the fact of the nerve roots jamming, nerve irritation of own spinal column, as well as swelling and irritation of muscles and ligaments in the area of innervation of the lumbar spine. The best known are the syndromes of lumbar backache and sciatica.

Lumbago (lat. “lumbus” that means waist; the synonym is lumbago) is an attack of sudden and sharp pain, as well as muscle tension in the lumbar region. It usually begins when exercise is being conducted or after it is finished, and is triggered by overheating and subsequent cooling of the body.

It appears in the initial stage of dystrophic process in the intervertebral disc. Its jelly core loses elasticity and breaks up into separate fragments. Within the exertion and movements of the spine, fragments of the core put pressure on the fibrous ring that contains sensitive receptors. Stimulation of receptors in the spinal segment is the cause of pain, reflex reactions and tonic muscle tension in the lumbar part.

The character of a suddenly appeared and sharp pain in the back is tearing, throbbing, puncture and shooting. The patient could not relax, because his back muscles are strained. The slightest movement, coughing or physical stress exacerbate pain. Pressing on the waist brings pain. During the attack a person becomes helpless, frozen in a forced position, any attempt of movement intensifies the pain, develops muscle spasm on lumbar part. Duration of pain lies between several minutes and several hours and days. The acute pain subsides at rest in a prone position on a rigid surface. Sometimes severe pain disappears as suddenly as it has come. In this case, patients have the feeling that “something fell into its place” in the back.

Pain often appears in the back or posteroexternal thigh or leg (sciatica) when there are repeated attacks of lumbago. It indicates the involvement of the spinal roots in the pathological process. Sciatica is caused by clamping of the spine, which is located slightly lower than lumbago.

Sciatica (greek: “ischiás”, from “ischíon” that means pelvis, hip; in plural it is “ischía” - seat) as they say the diseases of roots of the lumbosacral spinal cord and, mainly, of the sciatic nerve. This nerve is the largest in the human body. It begins in five different levels of the spinal cord in the lumbar spine. This is the department that bears the brunt. The sciatic nerve is also located in the leg, where it can be seen as many smaller nerves that are in all parts of the leg. Because of the large extent of the sciatic nerve and its close connections with many organs, diseases of the sciatic nerve occur very often.

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